英语初三被动语态练习题

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  一、语态概述

  英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.

  主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。

  例如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(谓语:speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。)

  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。

  巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。

  例如:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

  二、被动语态的构成

  被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

  歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。

  公式为:be(有时态的变化)+动词的过去分词

  1.一般现在时:am(is,are)done.(everyday,usually,often…)

  2.一般过去时:was(were)done(yesterday,lastnight/week/month/year,in1885…)

  3.一般将来时:will(shall)bedone(nextweek/month/year,inthefuture…)

  *4.现在进行时:am(is,are)beingdone(now,thesedays,Look!Listen!…)

  *5.现在完成时:have(has)beendone(since+clause/thepasttime,for+sometime,sofar,thesedays…)

  6.带情态动词的被动语态:must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone

  7不定式的被动结构to+be+动词的过去分词

  三、被动语态的用法(歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要

  动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。)

  1不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态.eg.ThiscarismadeinAmerica.

  2.不必要说出动作执行者时,常用.eg.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.

  3.为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.

  eg.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.

  四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

  (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

  (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)

  (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

  (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。

  例如:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.----Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

  Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

  -----Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

  歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。

  谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。

  五、含有情态动词的被动语态

  含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

  歌诀是:情态动词变被动,情态加be加“过分”,(情态动词)原来带to要保留。

  例如:

  1Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.

  →Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.

  2Yououghttotakeitaway.→Itoughttobetakenaway.

  3Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.

  六、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

  1.主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)

  此结构不可用被动语态。

  (正)Theflowerssmellsweet.

  (误)Theflowersaresmeltsweet.

  2.主语+不及物动词(S+V)

  此结构不可变被动语态。

  (正)Anaccidenthappenedlastnight.

  (误)Anaccidentwashappenedlastnight.

  3.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)

  (1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

  Childrenoftensingthissong

  Thissongisoftensungbychildren.

  (2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉。

  Weshouldlistentotheteacherscarefully.

  Theteachersshouldbelistenedtocarefully.

  4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)

  (1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。

  Heshowedusapicture.

  Wewereshownapicture.

  (2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

  常用加to的动词give,show,pass,read等

  常用加for的动词buy,get,make,sing,draw等

  Apicturewasshowntous.

  Adictionarywasboughtformebymyparents.

  5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)

  如动词为make,see,hear,watch等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to”。

  Isawhimfalloffthetree.

  Hewasseentofalloffthetree.

  6."be+过去分词"并非都是被动语态,系动词be,feel,seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态。

  I"minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。

  *7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。Thewoman"sclothessellwell.女装卖的快。Thisbooksellsbest.这本书很畅销.

  课内探究案

  I思考一:各种时态的被动语态的结构

  时态被动语态结构

  一般将来时

  一般过去时

  一般将来时

  现在进行时

  现在完成时

  含有情态动词

  练习巩固:用所给动词的适当形式填空

  1.OurTVset_______________(repair)yesterday.

  2.Anewbuilding__________________(build)inourschoolnextyear.

  3.Manybooksonscience_________________(buy)sinceIwenttocollege.

  4.Nowhe_________(be)askedifthemeeting____________(hold)nextFriday.

  5.Yourschoolbag_______________(mustnotput)there.

  6.__________thiskindofbike____________(make)intheUSA?

  思考二:怎样把一个句子由主动语态变为被动语态?

  PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

  Englishisspokeninmanycountries.

  1.Theyoftenplanttreesinspringeveryyear.

  2.Wewillholdthesportsmeetingnexttime

  3.Didyourfatherwritethebook?

  4.Wheredotheymakethemachine?.

  思考三:含有双宾语的句子怎样变被动语态?

  例如:Jimgaveherabook.

  ShewasgivenabookbyJim.

  AbookwasgiventoherbyJim.

  1.Theteachershowedthechildrenabeautifulpicture.

  _____________________________________________

  _____________________________________________

  2.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.

  ____________________________________________

  ____________________________________________

  常和to连用的动词有那些?

  常和for连用的动词有那些?

  思考四:动词不定式做宾语补足语的句子怎样变被动?

  asksbtodosth-----__________________________

  tellsbtodosth-----__________________________

  makesbdosth-----___________________________

  seesbdosth-----_____________________________

  练习巩固:用所给动词的适当形式填空

  1.Thebaby_______(make)___________(cry)byhissister.

  2.Jim_________often______(hear)_________(sing)intheroom.

  3.Jack_________(ask)____________(answer)thequestioninFrench.

  4.TheBrowns___________(see)____________(leave)thehotelalready.

  V.思考五:有关被动语态的几种句型

  1.need/want/require+doing=need/want/require+tobedone

  2.Itissaidthat…据说

  Itisreportedthat…据报道

  Itisthoughtthat…大家认为

  Itisbelievedthat…有人相信

  3.复合句变被动,主从句都要变

  Ifacomputerisboughtforme,theworkwillbefinishedmorequickly

  VI.思考六:不用被动语态的动词:

  1.不及物动词(vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear…

  Atrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.

  2.连系动词(Link.v.)如:be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…

  PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful

  3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:

  Thepen_________(write)veryfast.

  Thiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.

  小结:关于被动语态的几种用法你掌握了吗?

  课后提升案

  一.单项选择()

  ()1Theoldmanandthechildrenmust____________inourcountry.

  AtakegoodcareB.betakengoodcare

  C.takecareofD.betakengoodcareof

  ()2Look!Abigmodernbuilding________inourcity.

  AisbuiltB.wasbeingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.hasbuilt

  ()3Manymorehouses______forteacherssincelastyear.

  AarebuildingB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt

  ()4Aman________cryforhelplastnight.

  AwasheardtoB.heartoC.washeardDheardto

  ()5Ithinkcomputer________ineverydaylifebeforelong.

  AwillbeB.willbeusedC.isusedD.wasused

  ()6Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterand________politely.

  AspeaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

  ()7Theflowers_________often.

  AmustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

  ()8Thiskindofshoes________welllastyear.

  A.didn’tsellB.sellC.aren’tsellD.wasn’tsell

  二.用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

  1.Thiskindofbike________(sell)intheNewCenturySupermarket.It_______(sell)well.

  2.IwillgotothepartyifI___________(invite).

  3.It__________(say)thatheisagovernmentofficer.

  4.Theflowersneed___________(water)everyday..

  5.Heisoftennoticed____________(sit)atthetablealone.

  6.Anaccident___________(happen)herelastweek.

  7.Sofar,manyman-madesatellites_______________(send)upintothespace.

  8.The30thOlympicGames____________(hold)inLondonin2012.

  9.Theroad_______________(repair)now.

  10.ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_________(found)onOctober1,1949.

  学后反思

  这节课我学到了什么?

  我还存在哪些问题?

  被动语态专项练习

  一、选择题

  ()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

  A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build

  ()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

  A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened

  ()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.

  A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow

  ()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.

  A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited

  ()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.

  A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives

  ()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?

  A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted

  ()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

  A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone

  ()8.Neitherofthem______inChina.

  A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made

  ()9.Look!Anicepicture____forourteacher.

  A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws

  ()10.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.

  A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn

  ()11.Thedoctor_____foryet.

  A.isn"tsentB.hasn"tbeensentC.won"tbesentD.wasn"tsent

  ()12.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.

  A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

  ()13.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.

  A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown

  ()14.I____insummer.

  A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn

  ()15.HesaysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.

  A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent

  ()16.Who_____thisbook_____?

  A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written

  ()17.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.

  A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

  ()18.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.

  A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

  ()19.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

  A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

  ()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.

  A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput

  ()21.Olderpeople____well.

  A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter

  ()22.Ourteacher______carefully.

  A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened

  二、用动词的正确语态填空。(综合运用)

  1.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

  2.Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.

  3.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.

  4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

  5.What_______aknife______(make)of?

  It_______________(make)ofmetalandwood.

  6.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.

  7.______themagazine____(cantake)outofthelibrary?

  8.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

  9.Thestars_____________(cansee)inthedaytime.

  10.Someflowers__________(water)byLiMingalready.

  11.Thesekindsofmachines__________(make)inJapan.

  12.Apples_________________(grow)inthisfarm.

  13.Russian_____________(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.

  14.Planes,carsandtrains__________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.

  15.Thecinema___________(bulid)in1985.

  16.Thebike______________(mustnotput)here.

  17.Abeautifulhorse___________(draw)byJohnnextday.

  18.Thiskindofmachine___________(canmade)byuncleWang.

  19.Mr.Green______(open)twonewschool.

  20.ThePLA____________(found)onAugust1st,1927.

  21.Bythetimehewasten,theboy________(learn)EnglishandFrench.

  22.Howlong_____youruncle____(be)inthecity?

  23.______you____(see)thefilmyet?

  Yes,I_______(see)itlastweek.

  24.UncleWang____________(live)heresince1980

  25.Listen!Someone_________(sing).

  26.Tom________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.

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